The little penguin (Eudyptula minor), also known as the fairy penguin or blue penguin, is the smallest species of penguin and is found primarily in the Southern Hemisphere. Here’s a description of its distribution by country:

1. Australia: Little penguins are native to Australia and are found along the southern and southeastern coasts of the country. They inhabit various regions, including coastal areas, islands, and offshore islands such as Phillip Island in Victoria and Kangaroo Island in South Australia.
2. New Zealand: Little penguins are also native to New Zealand, where they are found along the coasts of both the North Island and the South Island. They inhabit coastal regions, including rocky shores, sandy beaches, and coastal forests.
3. Chile: Little penguins have been recorded in certain parts of Chile, particularly in the southern regions of the country, including the Chiloé Archipelago and the southern coast of Tierra del Fuego.

Little penguins are well-adapted to their marine environment, with streamlined bodies for swimming and hunting prey such as fish, squid, and krill. They are known for their distinctive blue-gray plumage, white underparts, and small stature, standing at around 30 to 40 centimeters (12 to 16 inches) tall.

Despite their widespread distribution, little penguins face threats from habitat loss, pollution, predation by introduced species, and disturbance from human activities. Conservation efforts aim to protect their nesting sites, mitigate human impacts, and monitor populations to ensure their long-term survival.